The universal trophic index: new methodological approach to eutrophication monitoring and control

Abstract Anthropogenic eutrophication is one of the consequences human activities observed from beginning urbanization processes and now a widespread problem around globe. Mitigation directly corresponds to achievement at least three main Sustainable Development Goals. Due complexity mechanisms, there are still many issues with managing this process its consequences, that complicate above-mentioned objectives. So far, no universal definition unified methodological approach surface water trophic status assessment. In connection above, need arises for development scientifically economically justified methods reliable state assessment, useful solving application engineering tasks. This paper presents new assessment based on innovative index (UTI), which can be used fresh, brackish saltwater bodies. The proposed UTI was developed verified using an extensive database Baltic Sea monitoring data over 100 years. elaborated method tool status, also allows predictive mathematical models as basis effective management. addition, simple use enables low cost, time effort. features make indicator meet requirements set modern ecological indicators determine advantage other currently methods.